Energy efficiency in big data complex systems: a comprehensive survey of modern energy saving techniques

Introduction Due to the advancement in computer technology, the computer systems have become widespread and complex. This complex arrangement of the system results into a complex adaptive system (CAS). A huge increase in the scale and complexity of the systems have been observed (Niazi and Laghari 2012) since from last few years. CAS exists in different forms. The management of such systems is carried out with efficient algorithms and is only controlled by different computational methods (Batool and Niazit 2015). Big data is one of the examples of such complex systems. CAS is comprised of large entities and components which require interaction and adoption in performing certain operations. The nature of the big data is more or less the same as complex systems. In other words, big data is one of the forms of the complex systems. Most of the CASs are tied to Abstract